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Objective@#To study the effects of Xiaoyaosan on sexual behavior and inflammatory factors of rat with depression.@*Methods@#The establishing depressive rat models of chronic mild unpredictable stress were established. The rats were randomly divided into model group and Xiaoyaosan group, 15 in each group. The Xiaoyaosan group was given 4.612 5 g/(kg•d) Xiaoyaosan, the blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline once daily. After 4 weeks of oral administration, mount frequency and perineal licking numbers to female rats in each experimental group were observed by sexual behavior experiment, and the spleen index and thymus index were calculated. The serum DA, IL-1β, IL-6 levels were tested by Elisa.@*Results@#Compared with the normal group, the mount frequency (4.42 ± 3.91 vs. 11.58 ± 6.54), perineal licking numbers (3.53 ± 3.29 vs. 16.36 ± 10.68) and serum DA levels (14.14 ± 0.71 pg/ml vs. 17.44 ± 4.06 pg/ml) in the model group significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the thymus index (0.012 4 ± 0.001 8 vs. 0.009 3 ± 0.001 7), serum IL-1β (39.45 ± 11.98 pg/ml vs. 28.62 ± 6.61 pg/ml), IL-6 levels (9.74 ± 1.49 pg/ml vs. 6.40 ± 0.66 pg/ml) significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum DA in Xiaoyaosan group (15.90 ± 1.24 pg/ml vs. 14.14 ± 0.71 pg/ml) increased significantly (P<0.01), and the thymus index (0.009 9 ± 0.001 3 vs. 0.012 4 ± 0.001 8) and IL-6 levels (8.32 ± 0.39 pg/ml vs. 9.74 ± 1.49 pg/ml) decreased significantly (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The Xiaoyaosan had a therapeutic effect on immune dysfunction and increases the expression of serum dopamine in depressive rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-depression.
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Objective: To observe the changes of Notch signaling pathway related molecule expression in hippocampus of rats with stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome and to explore the regulatory effect of Xiaoyaosan. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, model group, model+xiayaosan group and model+fluoxetine group, each group had 12 rats. The stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency model was established by chronic immobilization stress for 21 days. Detection of Nissl bodies by Nissl staining, expression of NICD, Hes1, Hes5 and Jad1 were detected by Fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western-blot method. Results: Compared with the normal group, the number of Nissl bodies in the model group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse it (P ＜ 0.01). The expression of Notch signaling pathway-related protein in model group was significantly lower than that in normal group (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse the expression of NICD, Hes5 and Jag1 protein (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the expression of each gene in the model group decreased (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse the expression of NICD, Hes1 and Hes5 mRNA (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The hippocampal neurons of rats with stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome were damaged and the Nissl bodies were reduced, the expression of each protein and gene in Notch signaling pathway decreased. Xiaoyaosan may play a therapeutic role by regulating the expression level of hippocampal related molecules to protect neurons.
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DNA methylation studies the natural modification of DNA that occurs when the nucleotide sequence is unchanged. At present, DNA methylation is used in the field of biomedicine to focus on the characteristics and regularity of disease-wide genome methylation and the DNA methylation biomarkers for disease. Based on the systematic review of DNA methylation research techniques, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current status of DNA methylation technology in basic research of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndromes, and a suggestion to screen the TCM syndrome biomarkers from whole genome DNA methylation is proposed.
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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in sub-health status and the demographic data of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in sub-health status. Methods: The clinical epidemiological survey was conducted in the routine physical examination population using the "Sub-health State TCM Syndrome Questionnaire (3 Edition)". Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the relevant data of sub-health status of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. Results: The incidence of sub-health state of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was 7.16％. The sub-health state of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was characterized by a higher proportion of females than males. The incidence of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was higher in all groups over 19 years of age. The highest proportion occurred in colleges and universities, and the highest proportion occurred in divorced persons in marital status. The occupational status was the highest among persons in charge of enterprises and institutions, administrative personnel, professional technicians, and teachers with administrative personnel.
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Liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome are common clinical syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In recent years, great progress has been made in the study of diagnostic criteria of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. This paper discusses the current domestic research on the diagnostic criteria of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome from the aspects of textbooks, diagnostic criteria of teaching reference, guidelines, standardized diagnostic criteria, criteria derived from clinical investigation, and criteria derived from literature analysis.
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Liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome is common in clinical practice. It has both the symptoms of uncomfortable liver depression and poor digestion of spleen deficiency. The brain-gut peptide not only regulates the gastrointestinal tract, but also participates in the regulation of mood, which is consistent with the mechanism of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. At present, there are more than 10 brain-gut peptides discovered. This paper reviews several of these brain-gut peptides that are most closely related to liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome to explore the relationship between brain-gut peptides and liver depression and spleen deficiency.
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Parkinson's disease with depression belongs to the category of "tremor syndrome" and "depression syndrome" of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Its syndrome characteristics and distribution are different from simple tremor syndrome and depression syndrome. Its neuroplastic mechanism involves dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Parkinson's disease and depression have common neuro-biological mechanisms. Therefore, Chinese medicine treatment of Parkinson's disease with depression may have a dual regulation effect.
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This paper was aimed to summarize functional and morphologic changes of neurogliocytes exposure to stress,and the regulating effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on functional and morphologic changes of neurogliocytes,in order to provide new ideas for mechanism development of stress pathogenesis and TCM regulating effect.
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Pulse taking,with the unique characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),is one of the important parts of TCM diagnostic methods.It was formed in the clinical practice of TCM famous doctors during the past dynasties.Also,it is an important means of understanding and determining disease and syndrome for TCM practitioners.Pinhu Maixue,a TCM classic of pulse taking which inheriting the traditional pulse taking theory and combining with clinical experience,was written by famous doctor Li Shizhen in the Jiajing Jiazi period of the Ming Dynasty.It has made an important contribution to the inheritance and development of TCM pulse taking.In this article,in order to provide ideas for a comprehensive understanding of the development process of TCM pulse taking,the inheritance and development of Pinhu Maixue from the academic thought of Huangdi Neijing,Nan Jing and Mai Jing was summarized,the academic characteristics of Pinhu Maixue were systematically elaborated,the influence of Pinhu Maixue on the thought of pulse taking and guiding significance of contemporary Chinese medicine clinical practice were analyzed.Thus,it has certain significance to study the academic thought and value of Pinhu Maixue.
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Xiang-thinking is the main way of thinking in the form of traditional Chinese culture, which included Xiang and thinking. In viscera theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formation, Xiang-thinking has run through and played a role in pushing forward on the formation of manifestation theories. Among five internal organs, take liver as an example. The formation of the liver manifestation is through the description of the liver and intuitive form and structure of the object, which were on the basis of the extract of abstract thinking, and the summarization on rules of the process. In this paper, the formation of liver manifestation theory was taken as an example to discuss the application of Xiang-thinking in formation of liver manifestation theory.
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Objective To evaluate the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) associated with depres-sion by body weight, fasting blood glucose, manifestations, and open field test.Methods The T2DM rat model was induced by high fat diet and low dose of STZ injection, and in addition, the T2DM rats were made restraint stress for 21 days.32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group ( group N) , T2DM group ( group T)and T2 DM with depression group ( group T +D) , with 8 rats in each group.After the model was established, to measure the body weight, fasting blood glucose at day 0, 7, 14, and 21, and observe the gross manifestations, drink-ing and diet, feces, urine, and mental state, and test the rat depression by open field test.Results After establish-ment of the T+D rat model, the rats in group T+D showed some symptoms, including messy dark and gloomy hair, slow movement, increasing drinking, diet, feces and urine and mental fatigue.At day 0, 7, 14, and 21, compared with the group N, the body weight of the group T and group T+D were decreased, showing a significant difference ( P0.05).Compared with the group N, the movement speed in 5 minutes in the group T was significantly slower than that in the group T , with a significant difference ( 5.1 ±0.4 cm/s vs.2.9 ±0.6 cm/s, P<0.05 ) , and even more slower than that in the group T +D, with a significant differ-ence (5.1 ±0.4 cm/s vs.2.4 ±0.5 cm/s, P<0.01) .Conclusions A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus as-sociated with depression has been successfully established by high fat diet and injection of low dose streptozotocin in combination with restraint stress for 21 days.This rat model is useful for further relevant studies.
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Some researchers focus on research of the nature of syndromes. The methods of combining traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and diseases and the correspondence between formulas and syndromes may be used in research of the nature of syndromes. According to combined theories of zang-organ state and seven emotions in traditional Chinese medicine with stress theory in modern medicine, the authors applied the methods of chronic immobilization stress to induce liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in rats based on the thinking of relativity on formula and syndrome. The research showed that the central neurobiology mechanism of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome closely correlates to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-gut axis, myriad central neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones and their receptors, involving in many encephalic regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, amygdale, etc. The authors will combine their previous work with multi-disciplinary research, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics in future studies, to reveal the scientific connotations of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome.